Lydia Frenzel

The purpose of this study is to identify practical technology that can be used by shipyards to remove tributyltin (TBT) from large volumes of water to levels below 50 parts per trillion.

Procedures for treating wastewater at the Livermore facility start with the addition of iron (II) chloride to remove sulfides and to promote settling.

In one sewage plant in Switzerland, TBT levels in water were reduced from 181 ppt to 9 ppt mainly by sedimentation in the primary classifier and subsequent treatment steps (Fent 1996).

Residual concent rat ions of mo n obut y lt in at t h e ug/L lev el in t h e effluen t will p ro bably n o t p o se a h azard t o aquat ic o rgan isms since t he effluent will event ually be great ly dilut ed and t oxicit y of monobut ylt in t o aquat ic organisms has only been observed at much higher concentrations (mg/L).

Another portion of the TBT removed from the water column was transported to sediments.

Sources and Rate of Degradation of Tri(n-butyl)tin in Marine Sediments Near Auckland, New Zealand.

T h ere is n o ev iden ce o r m en tio n o f h o w t o co n tro l t h e co n cen t rat io n s disch arged in t o t h e waters, only that reduced concentrations seem to be effective.

Chemosphere (1996) 32:12, Tap water from residential areas where PVC pipe had been recently installed as well as raw and treated water from water treatment plants was collected and analyzed for several organotins.

The objective of this project was to perform a survey of U.S. shipyards and similar industries to determine what technologies are currently being implemented or planned to prevent or reduce air emissions and wastewater discharges from facility operations.

There are numerous reports available, summarizing and comparing various “clean technologies”, which have potential application in the shipyard environment.

Biological treatment capabilities include activated sludge, nitrification and denitrification, anaerobic and aerobic digestion, and wetlands.

Internet Address: http://terrassa.pnl.gov:2080 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory works in all phases of the technology development cycle from Research and Development to industrial implementation.

They are studying carbon dioxide (CO2) pellet blasting, FLASHJETTM coating removal, laser paint stripping, plastic media blasting, sodium bicarbonate wet stripping, water blasting and wheat starch blasting.

The final product contains approximately 20% alumina (attributes to the abrasives hardness of 6-7 Mohs) and 54% silica (provides fracture characteristics) and other components including calcia and soda.

Carbon dioxide pellet blasting is a paint removal and/or cleaning technology that turns liquid carbon dioxide into pellets and blasts them through a nozzle or centrifugally towards the surface being cleaned.

As the dry ice pellets strike the surface, they induce an extreme temperature difference between the coating and the underlying substrate, weakening the chemical and physical bonds between the surface materials and the substrate.

- difficult to focus and control laser beam to allow stripping of curved or complex parts [1] – coating removal efficiency is affected by coating color and gloss [1] – requires use of Class 1 laser enclosure to ensure worker protection [1] – see the contact points in the the Bibliography cooresponding to the references below for more information [1] U.S. EPA.

Plastic media blasting (PMB) is a dry stripping process that projects plastic media at a surface through either low-pressure air (10 to 60 psi) or centrifugal wheels.

This is from a famous lecture given by Dr. Lydia Frenzel. She talks about water as our most precious resource and renewability.

This month, we will focus on the positive characteristics of the nine personality types from the Enneagram. Individuals react to their inner obsessions and accept them as a truth governing personal behavior.

Understanding personality can help you smooth over problems and make sales.

You never get a second chance to make a first impression. Think about your approach to a new customer!

Recently I missed the mark badly when 1 was lecturing on “Coatings Removal and discovered that the jetters I was addressing; had only experienced scarifying concrete with blast pots or waterjetting.

With this new equipment, the company can now clean concrete, take grime off of asphalt, take tile off floors, and remove rust from tube bundles.

Many industrial cleaning companies complete projects all year long that DON’T involve repainting.

· take paint and rust off steel where it will be repainted.

Have we established a pressure waterjetting (UH P WJ) or wet measurement from top of the peak to the bottom of the valley in steel surfaces or provided a “clean” mortar-pebble surface in concrete?

In any project, all three of these components are addressed whether you are using low pressure water cleaning (LP WC) or ultra-high abrasive blasting (WAB).

As the paint and rust were removed, it was obvious that the original hot-roll mill scale was present.

It revealed the profile under the paint and rust.

The opinion fact sometimes a positive favorable cles with is, opinion, polls.”

We must have impact on preserving our environment and our opportunity to do business within it, while influencing the regulations that govern our products and processes.

The WaterJet Technology Association (WJTA) major impetus to the creation of the association was to provide a means of service and communication within the industry, as epitomized by the biennial waterjet conferences.

Power Washers of North America (PWNA) continually support its membership by utilizing its publications, training programs, certification, seminars, and trade shows to stay on the cutting edge of new technology.

our mission was to define an industry devoted to the economics of taking care of things, improving instead of replacing.

We reached out for the help of, and recognition by, the coatings manufacturers to bring the goal of identity to reality.

A Primary Mission of the Council is to promote effective means of surface preparation in the maintenance industry using water and water/abrasive blasting techniques.

Checkpoints and final inspections shall be signed off by certified coating inspectors.

The implementing contractor shall maintain a certification program for blasters and painters working on the project.

The inspection shall be made jointly with the SUPERVISOR and the ship’s Commanding Officer’s representative, and shall take place prior to the commencement of any work by the contractor.

Heavily rusted or corroded area, damaged metal and holes in the structure or piping shall be documented and provided to ship’s force and Responsible Contracting Authority to determine if further structural evaluation or NDT is warranted and for possible repair before surface preparation.

5.3 DEGREASE / FRESH WATER WASH DOWN: Prior to surface preparation, remove all surface contaminants such as sea salts, grease and oil (hydrocarbons), loose rust; mud and marine growth with 3,000-PSI minimum fresh water wash down.

7.7 PAINT APPLICATION: The use of brush, rollers, single or plural component spray equipment is acceptable for application of the paint coat specified below.

17.1.5 In order to pass the checkpoint, any Appendices required by the certified coating inspector shall be up to date or completed and submitted to QA.

MAINTAIN SEPARATE LOG FOR EACH AREA / LOCATION, PREPARED OR PAINTED SURFACE, WHEN AN AREA IS DIVIDED INTO SEPARATE SECTIONS MAINTAIN A SEPARATE LOG FOR EACH SECTION, FOR NUMBER OF MEASUREMENTS TO BE TAKEN SEE NOTES BELOW.

The five spot measurements shall be made for each 10 m2 (100 ft2) of area as follows: a.

A Primary Mission of the Council is to promote effective means of surface preparation in the maintenance industry using water and water/abrasive blasting techniques.

Checkpoints and final inspections shall be signed off by certified coating inspectors.

The implementing contractor shall maintain a certification program for blasters and painters working on the project.

The inspection shall be made jointly with the SUPERVISOR and the ship’s Commanding Officer’s representative, and shall take place prior to the commencement of any work by the contractor.

Heavily rusted or corroded area, damaged metal and holes in the structure or piping shall be documented and provided to ship’s force and Responsible Contracting Authority to determine if further structural evaluation or NDT is warranted and for possible repair before surface preparation.

5.3 DEGREASE / FRESH WATER WASH DOWN: Prior to surface preparation, remove all surface contaminants such as sea salts, grease and oil (hydrocarbons), loose rust; mud and marine growth with 3,000-PSI minimum fresh water wash down.

7.7 PAINT APPLICATION: The use of brush, rollers, single or plural component spray equipment is acceptable for application of the paint coat specified below.

16.1.5 In order to pass the checkpoint, any Appendices required by the certified coating inspector shall be up to date or completed and submitted to QA.

MAINTAIN SEPARATE LOG FOR EACH AREA / LOCATION, PREPARED OR PAINTED SURFACE, WHEN AN AREA IS DIVIDED INTO SEPARATE SECTIONS MAINTAIN A SEPARATE LOG FOR EACH SECTION, FOR NUMBER OF MEASUREMENTS TO BE TAKEN SEE NOTES BELOW.

The five spot measurements shall be made for each 10 m2 (100 ft2) of area as follows: a.

1.1 Cleaning, Surface Preparation and Painting Requirements for Ballast Tanks and Floodable Voids.

MSDS and manufacturer’s ASTM F 718 sheets, Shipbuilders and Marine Paints and Coating Product / Procedure Data Sheet for Coating System Being Applied.

NOTE: As stated in section 4.8.2 of the CORE PPI the application of Euronavy ES 301 is exempt from relative humidity and dew point requirements since it may be applied on damp surfaces.

6.1 PERFORM SURFACE PREPARATION USING METHOD 2 OF CORE PPI, UHP WATER JETTING.

6.2 (Surface Profile Measurements): Accomplish IAW Ref.

Enter on Appendix 3 TESTEX PRESS-O-FILM tapes used to measure surface profile.

NOTE: Section 6.5.2 of the CORE PPI states that for areas prepared to SSPC-SP-12, UHP water jetted surfaces will retain the surface profile prior to surface treatment.